Iraq, Umayyad Caliphate, 1 Dirham – AH 118 / 736

Description

The Umayya Caliphate is the first to transform Islamic leadership into hereditary, making your family dominate the caliphate for almost 100 years. Muawiya was the sixth caliph, and the first after the first civil or fitna war that would mark the distinction between Shiites and Sunnites for the rest of Islamic existence. He was governor of the province of Syria, who would continue to be the Umayya fief and continued the strong expansion of the first caliphate, incorporating Transoexian, the Maghreb, Hispania or the Sindh. The Umaya ruled a vast territory, maintaining tolerance with Jews and Christians that were obliged to pay a tax from which Muslims (Yizia) were exempt. In addition, they included numerous Christians in the administration, especially from the Byzantine Empire, especially popular in Syria, where its fief would be created. By appointing his successor son, a great controversy was generated that ended in several uprisings to the death of Muawiya, but finally his son Yazid was able to establish himself in the caliphate, which effectively became a monarchy. In the middle of the s.viii an anti -omeya revolt began in the Jorasan, charging little by little until in 750 I ended up with the Umomeyas eliminating all family members, who were sought and massacred. Abd Al Rahman, Hisham”s grandson fled to the Iberian Peninsula where he became strong in an independent emirate that would survive several centuries. The initial coinages of the Umayya caliphate copied the models of the conquered lands. The silver coins, the Dirham, was initially a copy of Dracma Sasánida. Little by little, annotations will appear on the margin and the inscriptions in Pahlavi will be changed to Arabic, and the dates of the real era, for the dates after the Hégira. Abd Al Malik amended mintings, moving to purely standardized epigraphic emissions. In addition, he introduced the golden dinar.